Glass with high proportion of zirconium-oxide and its uses

ABSTRACT

The silicate glass has a composition (in % by weight, based on oxide) of SiO 2 , 54-72; Al 2 O 3 , 0.5-7; ZrO 2 , &gt;10-&lt;18; B 2 O 3 , 0-&lt;5; Na 2 O, 2-&lt;10; K 2 O 1  0-5; with Na 2 O+K 2 O, 2-&lt;10; caO, 3-11; MgO, 0-10; SrO, 0-8; BaO, 0-12; with CaO+MgO+SrO+BaO, &gt;5-24; La 2 O 3 , 0-6; and TiO 2 , 0-4. The glass has at least 0.6% by weight of La 2 O 3  or at least 0.1% by weight TiO 2 . The glass is in hydrolytic glass 1, acid class 3 or better, preferably acid class 1, and lye class 1. It has a glass transition temperature (T g ) of at least 640° C., a thermal expansion coefficient (α 20/30O ) of 4.1×10 −6  to 8.0×10 −6 /K, a refractive index (n d ) of 1.53 to 1.63, an Abbé number (ν d ) of 47 to 66 and a negative anomalous partial dispersion in a blue spectral region (ΔP g,F ) of up to −0.0130.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a glass having a high zirconium oxide content, and to uses thereof.

2. Description of the Related Art

Glasses having a high zirconium oxide content have mainly been described in connection with alkali-resistant glass fibers for concrete reinforcement. Compared with E-glass, a substantially alkali-free aluminoborosilicate glass, fibers made from known ZrO₂-containing glasses do have higher alkali resistance, but, in particular, their resistance in cement over a long period is inadequate. The alkali resistance of concrete-reinforcing fibers is of importance and is therefore usually to the fore during glass development, since the cement sets under highly alkaline conditions (pH values up to about 12.5). Besides the alkali resistance, however, the other chemical resistance, in particular the hydrolytic resistance, is clearly also of importance for long-term use as a reinforcing agent in concrete since it improves the long-term resistance.

Glasses which exhibit high resistance both to water, acids and caustic lyes are interesting for a wide variety of applications, for example for pharmaceutical packaging or for inspection windows in process tanks, in particular if they additionally have high heat resistance.

A feature for high heat resistance is a high glass transition temperature T_(g). In glasses having a high T_(g), experience has shown that the so-called compaction (shrinkage) is low. This is shrinkage of glass parts during temperature treatment below the T_(g), a property which can only be determined with sufficient accuracy with great experimental complexity and is of importance, for example, for applications in which very strict standards are set for the shape fidelity of the glass parts, for example for applications in display technology.

For optical applications, glasses having high negative anomalous partial dispersion in the blue spectral region (ΔP_(g,F)) are extremely interesting for correction of image aberrations. A disadvantage of the glasses in this series that have been disclosed hitherto is that they either have large amounts of PbO, which is undesired from environmental points of view, and have poor chemical resistance or that large amounts of the very expensive raw materials Nb₂O₅ and in particular Ta₂O₅ have to be used for lead-free substitution products, which makes economical manufacture much more difficult. Lead-free glasses of this type are disclosed in DE-A 27 29 706.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A wide variety of specifications in the patent literature which describe alkali-resistant glasses having high ZrO₂ contents are also already known, but these still have disadvantages.

British Patent Specification GB 1,290,528 describes glass compositions for the production of glass fibers which comprise from 13 to 23 mol % of R₂O (0-2% of Li₂O, remainder Na₂O). Glasses having such a high alkali metal content, as also occur in European Patent Specification EP 0 446 064 B1, which describes glass fiber materials for components of exhaust systems for internal-combustion engines (13-18% by weight of Na₂O+K₂O), exhibit poor hydrolytic resistance.

The same applies to the glass fibers in accordance with DE 17 96 339 C3 based on a glass comprising 11% by weight of Na₂O and 1% by weight of Li₂O and to the glasses converted into fibers in DE 40 32 460 A1, comprising 10-15% by weight of Na₂O and 0.1-2% by weight of K₂O.

The glass compositions from German Laid-Open Specification DE-A 2 406 888, which likewise have a high alkali metal content (10-25% by weight of R₂O), comprise up to 20% by weight of oxides of the rare earth metals, for example cerium oxide or also naturally occurring mixtures of these oxides.

Rare-earth metal oxides, to be precise together with TiO₂ in an amount of 0.5-16% by weight, where the TiO₂ content is at most 10% by weight of the glass, are also present in the glasses from German Laid-Open Specification DE 31 07 600 A1. They furthermore comprise 0.1-1% by weight of Cr₂O₃. An essential aspect here is that the chromium is substantially in the trivalent state.

German Laid-Open Specification DE-A 26 14 395 describes Al₂O₃-free glasses, which have to comprise 0.5-10% by weight of Cr₂O₃+SnO₂ for their alkali resistance, components which have the following disadvantages: Cr₂O₃ only dissolves in the glass flux with difficulty, and problems can also occur on use of chromium salts due to “chromium knots”. SnO₂ is a good nucleating agent and therefore promotes crystallization. The glasses furthermore require 0.05-1% by weight of SO₃ as melt assistant, which can result in interfering foam and blow-hole formation.

DE-A 30 09 953 describes glass fibers which, besides ZrO₂, must contain ThO₂. This component is necessary in order to achieve alkali resistance. Owing to its radio-activity, however, it is desirable to be able to omit this component.

EP 0 500 325 A1 discloses glass fibers containing 5-18 mol % of TiO₂. Their resultant chemical resistance is achieved at the expense of very high susceptibility to crystallization, which is particularly disadvantageous with respect to the spinnability of the glass melt to give fibers.

The Patent Specification DD 293 105 A5 describes a process for the production of highly alkali-resistant glass fibers and products produced therefrom, in which the glass melt to be spun, besides SiO₂, R₂O₃, ZrO₂, RO and R₂O (K₂O, Na₂O and/or Li₂O), also contains fluoride. This fluxing agent can only be omitted if Li₂O is present.

JP 62/13293 B2 describes glass compositions containing at least 5% by weight of B₂O₃ for the core glass and cladding of glass fibers. ZrO₂ is merely an optional component. Although these glasses have high water resistance, this cannot, however, be guaranteed over the entire composition range owing to the high B₂O₃ contents at the same time as relatively high alkali metal contents, since water-soluble alkali metal borate phases can easily form.

DE-A 2 323 932 describes glass fibers which contain both P₂O₅ and also B₂O₃ in addition to very high contents of ZrO₂ (8-16 mol %). The alkali metal content can vary within a broad range (1.5-25 mol %). Although such a high ZrO₂ content greatly increases the alkali resistance, P₂O₅ reduces it again however. In addition, the hydrolytic resistance cannot be adequate over the entire composition range.

GB 2 232 988 A describes ZrO₂-containing glass fibers which are coated with a thermoplastic resin in order to improve their alkali resistance. Owing to this additional process step, fibers of this type can only be produced expensively and in a complex manner. Fiber materials which can be used are glass fibers from the SiO₂—ZrO₂—R₂O system with a fairly large variation latitude of the components and with further merely optional components, since, owing to the coating, the corresponding properties of the glass lose importance.

DE-A 29 27 445 describes glass compositions having high ZrO₂ contents, namely 18-24% by weight. Although the glasses consequently have high alkali resistance, a high content has, however, an adverse effect on the processing properties and devitrification stability.

By contrast, CZ 236 744 describes glass fibers made from mineral raw materials for cement reinforcement which contain only from 5 to 10% by weight of ZrO₂, a content with which high alkali resistance can only be achieved with difficulty.

It is an object of the invention to provide a glass which has not only high caustic lye resistance, but also high hydrolytic resistance and good acid resistance and which has high heat resistance and good processing properties.

This object is achieved by the glass having a high zirconium oxide content which is described in the main claim.

The glass according to the invention comprises from 54 to 72% by weight of SiO₂. At higher contents, the meltability would be impaired, while at lower contents, glass formation would be more difficult. At least 55% by weight are particularly preferred.

Al₂O₃, present in amounts of from 0.5 to 7% by weight, particularly preferably up to 6% by weight, likewise serves to improve glass formation and makes a significant contribution toward improving the chemical resistance. However, excessively high contents would, in particular in the case of ZrO₂-rich and low-R₂O compositions, result in an increased tendency toward crystallization. With increasing content of Al₂O₃, the ZrO₂ solubility drops indirectly; however, this can be countered within the given limits by the presence of the alkali metal oxides. It is therefore preferred for the Al₂O₃/Na₂O weight ratio to be <1.64, which corresponds to an Al₂O₃/Na₂O molar ratio of <1. It is particularly preferred for not only the Al₂O₃/Na₂O ratio, but also the Al₂O₃/R₂O ratio to be <1.

An essential aspect for the high alkali resistance is the ZrO₂ content of the glass. It is therefore at least >10% by weight. The maximum content is restricted to <18% by weight, since otherwise the devitrification tendency increases excessively. The occurrence of ZrO₂ crystals would result in glass flaws. The maximum content is preferably restricted to <12% by weight.

The alkali metal oxide(s) (2-<10% by weight of Na₂O, preferably 3-<10% by weight, and 0-5% by weight of K₂O, with 2-<10% by weight of Na₂O+K₂O, preferably 3-<10% by weight) serve(s) to improve the meltability and enable the high ZrO₂ contents, since they increase the solubility of the ZrO₂ in the glass. However, if the alkali metal contents are too high, the hydrolytic resistance, in particular, and to a lesser extent the caustic lye resistance would be impaired. It is preferred for both Na₂O and K₂O to be present.

Of the alkaline earth metal oxides, which are present in the glass to the extent of greater than 5% by weight and at most 24% by weight, CaO is present in an amount of 3-11% by weight, preferably 3-10% by weight, while MgO is present in an amount of 0-10% by weight, SrO in an amount of 0-8% by weight and BaO in an amount of 0-12% by weight, preferably 0-10% by weight, are optional components.

The alkaline earth metal oxides reduce the melt viscosity, suppress crystallization and also contribute toward an improvement in the alkali resistance. BaO in particular reduces the tendency toward crystallization. If the alkaline earth metal oxide content were too low, the meltability and processing properties in the glasses would be impaired excessively, and they could no longer be converted into fibers, and the ZrO₂ solubility would also be too low. At a content greater than the maximum content mentioned, the glasses would devitrify, and crystallization would likewise occur. A total content of alkaline earth metal oxides of at most 23% by weight is preferred.

B₂O₃ is an optional component and improves the meltability by reducing the viscosity. However, its content should remain restricted to less than 5% by weight, since B₂O₃ impairs the alkali metal resistance and in particular the acid resistance. It is preferred to restrict the maximum B₂O₃ content to 4% by weight.

The glass may furthermore comprise 0-4% by weight of TiO₂ and 0-6% by weight, preferably 0-5% by weight, of La₂O₃. Addition of La₂O₃ improves the meltability of the glass, broadens the glass formation range and increases the refractive index. La₂O₃ and TiO₂ principally contribute toward an improvement in the hydrolytic and caustic lye resistance, with La₂O₃ being more effective than TiO₂. Excessive contents of La₂O₃ and TiO₂ reduce the acid resistance and result in crystallization.

A particularly preferred group of glasses according to the invention is the B₂O₃-free glasses of the following composition range (in % by weight, based on oxide): SiO₂ 58-71; Al₂O₃ 0.5-<2.3; ZrO₂>10-<18; Na₂O 2-9 (preferably 2-8); K₂O 0-3, with Na₂O+K₂O 2-<10, CaO 3-11 (preferably 3-9); MgO 0-2.6, SrO 0-6; BaO 0-9, with CaO+MgO+SrO+BaO>5-24, La₂O₃ 0-1.

Besides the very high caustic lye and hydrolytic resistance inherent in all the glasses according to the invention, these glasses also have very high acid resistance. They belong not only to caustic lye class 1 and hydrolytic class 1, but also to acid class 1.

The glass may furthermore comprise up to 2% by weight, preferably up to 1% by weight, of each of Fe₂O₃, MnO₂ and CeO₂, where the sum of these three components should also not exceed 2% by weight, preferably should not exceed 1% by weight. These compounds are the usual impurities in naturally occurring raw materials of the glass constituents. In particular on use of the glasses according to the invention for the production of fibers for concrete reinforcement, inexpensive raw materials are of importance. On use of the glasses for optical purposes, the requirements of the purity of the glasses and thus of the purity of the raw materials are generally significantly greater. Here, the said sum and in particular the Fe₂O₃ content are preferably below 0.005% by weight.

For fining, the glasses may comprise conventional fining agents in conventional amounts, thus, for example, arsenic oxide, antimony oxide, chlorides, for example as CaCl₂ or BaCl₂, or, as preferred, SnO₂. Fluoride is preferably omitted in all these glasses, but in particular in those having high ZrO₂ contents (≧12% by weight). At the high melt temperatures of ZrO₂-rich glasses, the effort in avoiding environmentally harmful emissions would be very high.

EXAMPLES

Twenty examples of glasses according to the invention were melted from conventional raw materials in Pt/Rh crucibles and cast to give blocks. In addition, fibers were drawn by the re-drawing method.

Table 1 shows the composition (in % by weight, based on oxide) of the glasses and their main properties. These are the coefficient of thermal expansion α_(20/300) [10⁻⁶/K], the glass transition temperature T_(g) [°C.], the working point V_(A) [°C.], the density ρ [g/cm³], the modulus of elasticity E [GPa], the temperature at which the glass has an electrical volume resistivity of 10⁸ Ωcm, T_(K100) [°C.], and the hydrolytic resistance H in accordance with DIN/ISO 719 [μg of Na₂O/g], the acid resistance S in accordance with DIN 12116 [mg/dm²] and the lye resistance L in accordance with ISO 675 (=DIN 52322) [mg/dm²]. Also shown are the optical data, the refractive index n_(d), the Abbe number ν_(d) and the anomalous partial dispersion in the blue region of the spectrum Δ P_(g,F). Table 1 does not show the fining agents, whose contents correspond to the respective remainder to 100%.

TABLE 1 Composition (in % by weight, based on oxide) and main properties of example glasses A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 SiO₂ 65.8 69.7 55.0 63.4 69.9 Al₂O₃ 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 B₂O₃ — — — 1.0 — ZrO₂ 10.1 10.1 11.0 11.5 11.9 BaO — 1.0 10.0 3.1 — CaO 8.0 4.0 8.0 5.3 4.0 MgO 1.0 1.0 — 1.2 10.0 SrO — — — 3.8 — Na₂O 8.0 3.0 6.8 5.9 3.0 K₂O 1.0 5.0 3.0 2.9 — La₂O₃ 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.7 — TiO₂ — — — — — α_(20/300) [10⁻⁶/K] 6.68 5.36 7.94 6.71 4.49 Tg [° C.] 671 730 648 700 741 V_(A) [° C.] 1148 1329 1119 1174 1325 ρ [g/cm³] 2.719 2.648 2.960 2.751 2.633 E [GPa] 83 80 85 84 88 T_(K100) [° C.] 212 284 n.m. n.m. 336 H [μg Na₂O/g] 25 12 20 15 17 S [mg/dm²] 0.9 1 1.9 3.1 1.3 L [mg/dm²] 10 12 13 8 18 n_(d) 1.55789 1.54027 1.58757 n.m. 1.54953 ν_(d) 55.63 57.25 53.74 n.m. 65.51 Δ P_(g,F) −0.0053 −0.0046 −0.0030 n.m. n.m. A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 SiO₂ 67.6 65.5 54.8 54.8 54.7 Al₂O₃ 0.5 5.0 1.0 6.2 6.0 B₂O₃ — — — — — ZrO₂ 17.0 17.0 10.3 17.8 10.1 BaO — — 4.0 — 4.0 CaO 5.0 5.0 8.0 8.0 4.0 MgO 2.5 — 10.0 1.0 8.0 SrO — — — — — Na₂O 7.2 7.2 3.0 3.0 8.0 K₂O — — 5.0 5.0 — La₂O₃ — — — — 5.0 TiO₂ — — 3.7 4.0 — α_(20/300) [10⁻⁶/K] 5.30 5.36 7.05 6.30 6.90 Tg [° C.] 738 784 685 757 681 V_(A) [° C.] n.m. n.m. 1085 1296 1119 ρ [g/cm³] n.m. n.m. 2.841 2.801 2.864 E [GPa] n.m. 83 91 87 89 T_(K100) [° C.] n.m. n.m. 436 263 189 H [μg Na₂O/g] 16 16 30 13 23 S [mg/dm²] 0.6 0.9 4.5 13 4.6 L [mg/dm²] 9 13 20 13 10 n_(d) 1.56065 n.m. 1.59842 1.59772 1.57737 ν_(d) 54.25 n.m. 49.73 47.57 54.41 ΔP_(g,F) −0.0071 n.m. −0.0043 −0.0040 −0.0052 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 SiO₂ 69.5 70.0 54.8 54.9 64.8 Al₂O₃ 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 B₂O₃ — — — — — ZrO₂ 17.0 17.0 17.9 17.9 17.0 BaO — 3.0 10.0 0.3 8.0 CaO 5.0 5.0 4.3 4.0 3.0 MgO — — — 10.0 — SrO — — — — — Na₂O 7.2 3.7 7.8 7.7 2.0 K₂O — — — — 3.0 La₂O₃ — — — — — TiO₂ — — 4.0 4.0 — α_(20/300) [10⁻⁶/K] 5.10 4.13 6.30 6.51 4.60 Tg [° C.] 747 802 730 695 821 V_(A) [° C.] 1326 1405 1203 1026 1390 ρ [g/cm³] 2.664 2.687 2.937 2.873 2.787 E [GPa] 84 86 88 95 85 T_(K100) [° C.] n.m. n.m. 205 238 300 H [μg Na₂O/g] 14 7 17 10 8 S [mg/dm²] 0.4 0.5 1.3 1.3 0.4 L [mg/dm²] 10 13 9 19 11 n_(d) 1.55395 1.55792 1.6012 n.m. 1.56136 ν_(d) 54.27 54.25 n.m. n.m. 55.28 Δ P_(g,F) −0.0117 −0.0075 n.m. n.m. n.m. A16 A17 A18 A19 A20 SiO₂ 59.9 57.5 64.7 55.6 69.9 Al₂O₃ 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 B₂O₃ — 3.8 — — — ZrO₂ 17.9 17.3 17.0 15.1 10.1 BaO 4.0 3.8 — 9.3 1.2 CaO 8.0 7.7 3.0 7.7 8.0 MgO 1.0 1.0 — — — SrO — — 8.0 — 5.1 Na₂O 8.0 7.7 2.0 6.8 3.6 K₂O — — 3.0 1.0 0.5 La₂O₃ — — — 3.2 0.6 TiO₂ — — — 0.1 — α_(20/300) [10⁻⁶/K] 6.42 6.29 4.82 7.11 5.17 Tg [° C.] 725 672 822 700 731 V_(A) [° C.] 1195 1151 1371 1163 1233 ρ [g/cm³] 2.860 2.836 2.788 2.984 2.702 E [GPa] 90 89 85 88 84 T_(K100) [° C.] 213 371 303 235 260 H [μg Na₂O/g] 17 16 6 9 12 S [mg/dm³] 0.6 1.8 0.9 1.2 0.3 L [mg/dm²] 9 9 8 7 18 n_(d) 1.58632 1.58415 1.5644 n.m. 1.54758 ν_(d) 52.69 53.19 n.m. n.m. 57.00 Δ P_(g,F) −0.0066 −0.0070 n.m. n.m. −0.0050 n.m. = not measured

The glasses according to the invention have high chemical resistances:

On determination of the hydrolytic resistance H in accordance with DIN/ISO 719, in which the base equivalent of the acid consumption is given as μg of Na₂O/g of glass grit, a value of 31 means that a glass belongs to hydrolytic class 1 (“highly chemically resistant glass”). This is satisfied for the glasses according to the invention.

On determination of the caustic lye resistance in accordance with ISO 695 (=DIN 52322), a weight loss of up to 75 mg/dm² means that the glass belongs to lye class 1 (“weakly lye-soluble”), which is satisfied for the glasses according to the invention.

On determination of the acid resistance S in accordance with DIN 12116, a weight loss of up to 0.7 mg/dm² means that the glass belongs to acid class 1 (“acid resistant”), from more than 0.7 to 1.5 mg/dm² means that the glass belongs to acid class 2 (“weakly acid-soluble”) and from >1.5 to 15 mg/dm² means that the glass belongs to acid class 3 (“moderately acid-soluble”). The glasses according to the invention belong to acid class 3 or better.

The glasses which belong to acid class 1 (see by way of example glasses A6, A11, A12, A15, A16 and A20) are thus so-called 1-1-1 glasses, i.e. they belong to class 1 in each of the three aspects of chemical resistance.

The glasses are very highly suitable as container glass, especially for chemically aggressive substances, in particular liquids.

The glasses according to the invention have high transition temperatures T_(g) of at least 640° C. They are thus suitable for uses in which highly thermally resistant glasses are required, for example also as components of parts in exhaust systems with catalytic converters which are subjected to high temperatures. Owing to their low compaction, which is associated with a high transition temperature, the glasses are also highly suitable for use as substrate glasses in display technology.

The glasses according to the invention have coefficients of thermal expansion α_(20/300) of from 4.1×10⁻⁶/K to 8.0 ×10⁻⁶/K and are thus fusible to tungsten and molybdenum and are highly suitable as fusing glass for these metals.

The glasses can be chemically tempered by ion exchange, as a result of which they are also highly suitable for applications in which increased shatter resistance is important, for example as substrates for EDP storage media.

The glasses according to the invention can readily be converted into glass fibers. Owing to the good chemical resistance of the glasses, which results in increased long-term durability, these glass fibers are extremely suitable for the reinforcement of concrete parts. Both use as short fibers and as continuous fibers (production of concrete/glass fiber composites) is possible.

The glasses have good processing properties. For example, they can be converted into blocks, sheets, rods, tubes and fibers and can also be employed in these forms, depending on the application.

The optical data of the glasses, namely a refractive index n_(d) of from 1.53 to 1.63, an Abbe number ν_(d) of from 47 to 66 and in particular a negative deviation of the partial dispersion from the perpendicular (=negative anomalous partial dispersion) in the blue spectral region Δ P_(g,F) of up to −0.0130 also make them interesting for optical applications, for example for glasses for the correction of chromatic aberrations.

It is surprising that, besides the good properties described with respect to thermal, mechanical and chemical parameters, the glasses also have very interesting optical properties, in particular a negative anomalous partial dispersion in the blue spectral region (Δ P_(g,F)). It has hitherto only been known here that this property is caused in combination with relatively low Abbe numbers (glasses of the flint type ν_(d)<about 55) by PbO, Nb₂O₅ and Ta₂O₅. In glasses having a high Abbe number (crown type ν_(d)>about 55), this property can also be caused by the alkaline earth metal oxides MgO—BaO and rare-earth elements La₂O₃, Gd₂O₃, Yb₂O₃, Lu₂O₃, etc., often in combination with the glass former B₂O₃.

For the first time, glasses having a negative Δ P_(g,f) with low to moderate Abbe numbers which have relatively low concentrations of alkaline earth metal oxides, B₂O₃ and, if desired, La₂O₃ as rare-earth metal oxide and are free from the expensive components Nb₂O₅ and Ta₂O₅ are now available here. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A silicate glass having a high zirconium oxide content and a composition consisting of, in percent by weight based on oxide content: SiO₂ 54 to 72 Al₂O₃ 0.5 to 7 ZrO₂ >10 to <12 B₂O₃ 0 to <5 CaO 3 to 11 MgO 0 to 10 SrO 0 to 8 BaO 0 to 12 CaO + MgO + SrO + BaO >5 to 24 Na₂O 2 to <10 K₂O 0 to 5 Na₂O + K₂O 2 to <10 La₂O₃ 0 to 6 TiO₂ 0 to 4,

and optionally at least one fining agent in an amount sufficient for fining; and wherein either said TiO₂ is present in amounts greater than 0.1 percent by weight or said La₂O₃ is present in amounts greater than 0.6 percent by weight; and wherein said at least one fining agent does not include any fluoride.
 2. The silicate glass as defined in claim 1, and having a hydrolytic resistance in hydrolytic class 1, an acid resistance in acid class 3 or better, a caustic lye resistance in lye class 1, a glass transition temperature (T_(g)) of at least 640° C., a coefficient of thermal expansion (α_(20/300)) of 4.1×10⁻⁶/K, a refractive index (n_(d)) of 1.53 to 1.63, an Abbé number (ν_(d)) of 47 to 66 and a negative. anomalous partial dispersion in a blur spectral region (ΔP_(g,F)) of up to −0.0130.
 3. A silicate glass having a high zirconium oxide content and a composition consisting of, in percent by weight based on oxide content: SiO₂ 54 to 72 Al₂O₃ 0.5 to 7 ZrO₂ >10 to <18 B₂O₃ 0 to 4 CaO 3 to 10 MgO 0 to 10 SrO 0 to 8 BaO 0 to 10 CaO + MgO + SrO + BaO >5 to 23 Na₂O 3 to <10 K₂O 0 to 5 Na₂O + K₂O 3 to <10 La₂O₃ 0 to 5 TiO₂ 0 to 4,

and optionally at least one fining agent in an amount sufficient for fining; and wherein either said TiO₂ is present in amounts greater than 0.1 percent by weight or said La₂O₃ is present in amounts greater than 0.6 percent by weight; and wherein said at least one fining agent does not include any fluoride.
 4. The silicate glass as defined in claim 3, and having a hydrolytic resistance in hydrolytic class 1, an acid resistance in acid class 3 or better, a caustic lye resistance in lye class 1, a glass transition temperature (T_(g)) of at least 640° C., a coefficient of thermal expansion (α_(20/300)) of 4.1×10⁻⁶ to 8.0×10⁻⁶/K, a refractive index (n_(d)) of 1.53 to 1.63, an Abbé number (ν_(d)) of 47 to 66 and a negative anomalous partial dispersion in a blue spectral region (ΔP_(g,F)) of up to −0.0130.
 5. A silicate glass having a high zirconium oxide content and a composition consisting of, in percent by weight based on oxide content: SiO₂ 58 to 71 Al₂O₃  0.5 to <2.3 ZrO₂ >10 to <18 CaO  3 to 11 MgO   0 to 2.6 SrO 0 to 6 BaO 0 to 9 CaO + MgO + SrO + BaO >5 to 24 Na₂O 2 to 9 K₂O 0 to 3 Na₂O + K₂O  2 to <10 La₂O₃ 0.6 to 1, 

and optionally at least one fining agent in an amount sufficient for fining; and wherein said at least one fining agent does not include any fluoride.
 6. The silicate glass as defined in claim 5, and having a hydrolytic resistance in hydrolytic class 1, an acid resistance in acid class 1, a caustic lye resistance in lye class 1, a glass transition temperature (T_(g)) of at least 640° C., a coefficient of thermal expansion (α_(20/300)) of 4.1×10⁻⁶ to 8.0×10⁻⁶/K, a refractive index (n_(d)) of 1.53 to 1.63, an Abbé number (ν_(d)) of 47 to 66 and a negative anomalous partial dispersion in a blue spectral region (ΔP_(g,F)) of up to −0.0130.
 7. An optical glass having a high zirconium oxide content and a composition consisting of, in percent by weight based on oxide content: SiO₂ 54 to 72 Al₂O₃ 0.5 to 7   ZrO₂ >10 to <18 B₂O₃  0 to <5 CaO  3 to 11 MgO  0 to 10 SrO 0 to 8 BaO  0 to 12 CaO + MgO + SrO + BaO >5 to 24 Na₂O  2 to <10 K₂O 0 to 5 Na₂O + K₂O  2 to <10 La₂O₃ 0 to 6 TiO₂ 0 to 4 Fe₂O₃ <0.005,

and optionally at least one fining agent in an amount sufficient for fining; and wherein either said TiO₂ is present in amounts greater than 0.1 percent by weight or said La₂O₃ is present in amounts greater than 0.6 percent by weight, said at least one fining agent does not include any fluoride and said optical glass has a hydrolytic resistance in hydrolytic class 1, an acid resistance in acid class 3 or better, a caustic lye resistance in lye class 1, a glass transition temperature (T_(g)) of at least 640° C., a coefficient of thermal expansion (α_(20/300)) of 4.1×10⁻⁶ to 8.0×10⁻⁶/K, a refractive index (n_(d)) of 1.53 to 1.63, an Abbé number (ν_(d)) of 47 to 66 and a negative anomalous partial dispersion in a blue spectral region (ΔP_(g,F)) of up to −0.0130.
 8. A substrate glass for electronic data processing devices, wherein said substrate glass is made by a process comprising chemically tempering a silicate glass by ion exchange, said silicate glass having a high zirconium oxide content and a composition consisting of, in percent by weight based on oxide content: SiO₂ 54 to 72 Al₂O₃ 0.5 to 7 ZrO₂ >10 to <18 B₂O₃ 0 to <5 CaO 3 to 11 MgO 0 to 10 SrO 0 to 8 BaO 0 to 12 CaO + MgO + SrO + BaO >5 to 24 Na₂O 2 to <10 K₂O 0 to 5 Na₂O + K₂O 2 to <10 La₂O₃ 0 to 6 TiO₂ 0 to 4,

and optionally at least one fining agent in an amount sufficient for fining; and wherein either said TiO₂ is present in amounts greater than 0.1 percent by weight or said La₂O₃ is present in amounts greater than 0.6 percent by weight, said at least one fining agent does not include any fluoride and said silicate glass has a hydrolytic resistance in hydrolytic class 1, an acid resistance in acid class 3 or better, a caustic lye resistance in lye class 1, a glass transition temperature (T_(g)) of at least 640° C., a coefficient of thermal expansion (α_(20/300)) of 4.1×10⁻⁶ to 8.0×10⁻⁶/K, a refractive index (n_(d)) of 1.53 to 1.63, an Abbé number (ν_(d)) of 47 to 66 and a negative anomalous partial dispersion in a blue spectral region (ΔP_(g,F)) of up to −0.0130.
 9. A glass fiber for reinforcing concrete, said glass fiber being made by a method comprising converting silicate glass, said silicate glass having a high zirconium oxide content and a composition consisting of, in percent by weight based on oxide content: SiO₂ 54 to 72 Al₂O₃ 0.5 to 7 ZrO₂ >10 to <18 B₂O₃ 0 to <5 CaO 3 to 11 MgO 0 to 10 SrO 0 to 8 BaO 0 to 12 CaO + MgO + SrO + BaO >5 to 24 Na₂O 2 to <10 K₂O 0 to 5 Na₂O + K₂O 2 to <10 La₂O₃ 0 to 6 TiO₂ 0 to 4,

and optionally at least one fining agent in an amount sufficient for fining; and wherein either said TiO₂ is present in amounts greater than 0.1 percent by weight or said La₂O₃ is present in amounts greater than 0.6 percent by weight, said at least one fining agent does not include any fluoride and said silicate glass has a hydrolytic resistance in hydrolytic class 1, an acid resistance in acid class 3 or better, a caustic lye resistance in lye class 1, a glass transition temperature (T_(g)) of at least 640° C. an a coefficient of thermal expansion (α_(20/300)) of 4.1×10⁻⁶ to 8.0×10⁻⁶/K, a refractive index (n_(d)) of 1.53 to 1.63, an Abbé number (ν_(d)) of 47 to 66 and a negative anomalous partial dispersion in a blue spectral region (ΔP_(g,F)) of up to −0.0130.
 10. A chemically resistant glass for reactive liquids, said chemically resistant glass having a high zirconium oxide content and a composition consisting of, in percent by weight based on oxide content: SiO₂ 58 to 71 Al₂O₃  0.5 to <2.3 ZrO₂ >10 to <18 CaO  3 to 11 MgO   0 to 2.6 SrO 0 to 6 BaO 0 to 9 CaO + MgO + SrO + BaO >5 to 24 Na₂O 2 to 9 K₂O 0 to 3 Na₂O + K₂O  2 to <10 La₂O₃ 0.6 to 1, 

and optionally at least one fining agent in an amount sufficient for fining; and wherein said at least one fining agent does not include any fluoride and said chemically resistant glass has a hydrolytic resistance in hydrolytic class 1, an acid resistance in acid class 1, a caustic lye resistance in lye class 1, a glass transition temperature (T_(g)) of at least 640° C. an a coefficient of thermal expansion (α_(20/300)) of 4.1×10⁻⁶ to 8.0×10⁻⁶/K, a refractive index (n_(d)) of 1.53 to 1.63, an Abbé number (ν_(d)) of 47 to 66 and a negative anomalous partial dispersion in a blue spectral region (ΔP_(g,F)) of up to −0.0130.
 11. A composite glass-metal article made by fusing a piece of tungsten or molybdenum to a silicate glass, wherein said silicate glass having a high zirconium oxide content and a composition consisting of, in percent by weight based on oxide content: SiO₂ 54 to 72 Al₂O₃ 0.5 to 7 ZrO₂ >10 to <12 B₂O₃ 0 to <5 CaO 3 to 11 MgO 0 to 10 SrO 0 to 8 BaO 0 to 12 CaO + MgO + SrO + BaO >5 to 24 Na₂O 2 to <10 K₂O 0 to 5 Na₂O + K₂O 2 to <10 La₂O₃ 0 to 6 TiO₂ 0 to 4,

and optionally at least one fining agent in an amount sufficient for fining; and wherein either said TiO₂ is present in amounts greater than 0.1 percent by weight or said La₂O₃ is present in amounts greater than 0.1 percent by weight, said at least one fining agent does not include any fluoride and said silicate glass has a hydrolytic resistance in hydrolytic class 1, an acid resistance in acid class 3 or better, a caustic lye resistance in lye class 1, a glass transition temperature (T_(g)) of at least 640° C. an a coefficient of thermal expansion (α_(20/300)) of 4.1×10⁻⁶ to 8.0×10⁻⁶/K, a refractive index (n_(d)) of 1.53 to 1.63, an Abbé number (ν_(d)) of 47 to 66 and a negative anomalous partial dispersion in a blue spectral region (ΔP_(g,F)) of up to −0.0130. 